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error 18 at 0 depth lookup: self signed certificate

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I was trying to test SSL connection between MySQL client and server. For that I created SSL certificate and keys by following the MySQL documentation at: Creating SSL Certificates and Keys Using openssl After finishing up all the commands when I verify the certificates by using: openssl verify -CAfile ca.pem server-cert.pem client-cert.pem I got the following output: error 18 at 0 depth lookup : self signed certificate error server-cert.pem: verification failed client-cert.pem: OK  Reason : The Common Name value used for the server and client certificates/keys must each differ from the Common Name value used for the CA certificate. Otherwise, the certificate and key files will not work for servers compiled using OpenSSL. Solution : When OpenSSL prompts you for the Common Name for each certificate, use different names. Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []: I used values as follows: CA Cert:  ssl-ca-cert Server Cert: ssl-ca-server-cert Client Cer...
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How to truncate the Slow Query Log on AWS RDS MySQL

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I was in need to empty the slow_log table in MySQL database inside a Amazon Relational Database System to look into a performance issue. But I got the below error. I was surprised because I had login with the master user of the RDS. mysql> use mysql mysql> truncate table slow_log Error Code: 1044. Access denied for user 'dbroot'@'%' to database 'mysql' On surfing the internet I got this and it resolved my problem. "Amazon RDS will not give you SSH access to its database server. That means you don’t have the opportunity to view any of the log files, even the slow query log, for the database. But RDS provides a way to play with the slow queries. If your slow queries are many then this table will hold too many queries to handle. You cannot truncate the table or delete any row from there. There is only a way to move all the data from this table to another table named ‘slow_log_backup’, making the slow_log table empty. To do so you have to run a stored pro...
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What are the various stages of database startup and shutdown

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What are the various stages of database startup and shutdown?   To start up or shut down an Oracle instance, you need to be connected to the database with the appropriate privileges. Two special connection account authorizations are available for startup and shutdown: SYSDBA and SYSOPER Starting Up an Oracle Database STARTUP NOMOUNT This starts the instance without mounting the database. When a database is started in this mode, the parameter file is read, and the background processes and memory structures are initiated, but they are not attached or communicating with the disk structures of the database. When the instance is in this state, the database is not available for use. If a database is started in NOMOUNT mode, only the background processes and instance are started. The instance is not associated with any database. This state is used to create a database or to create a database control file. At times, a database may not be able to go to the next mode...
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