What are the various stages of database startup and shutdown? To start up or shut down an Oracle instance, you need to be connected to the database with the appropriate privileges. Two special connection account authorizations are available for startup and shutdown: SYSDBA and SYSOPER Starting Up an Oracle Database STARTUP NOMOUNT This starts the instance without mounting the database. When a database is started in this mode, the parameter file is read, and the background processes and memory structures are initiated, but they are not attached or communicating with the disk structures of the database. When the instance is in this state, the database is not available for use. If a database is started in NOMOUNT mode, only the background processes and instance are started. The instance is not associated with any database. This state is used to create a database or to create a database control file. At times, a database may not be able to go to the next mode...
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